阿菜ing

   $ sort namesd.txt | uniq
   $ sort –u namesd.txt

   $ sort namesd.txt | uniq –c
             2  Alex Jason:200:Sales
             2  Emma Thomas:100:Marketing
             1  Madison Randy:300:Product Development
             1  Nisha Singh:500:Sales
             1  Sanjay Gupta:400:Support

   $ sort namesd.txt | uniq –cd
             2 Alex Jason:200:Sales
             2 Emma Thomas:100:Marketing

$ cat names.txt
Emma Thomas:100:Marketing
Alex Jason:200:Sales
Madison Randy:300:Product Development
Sanjay Gupta:400:Support
Nisha Singh:500:Sales

$ sort names.txt
Alex Jason:200:Sales
Emma Thomas:100:Marketing
Madison Randy:300:Product Development
Nisha Singh:500:Sales
Sanjay Gupta:400:Support

$ sort -t: -k 2 names.txt
Emma Thomas:100:Marketing
Alex Jason:200:Sales
Madison Randy:300:Product Development
Sanjay Gupta:400:Support
Nisha Singh:500:Sales

$ sort -t: -u -k 3 names.txt
Emma Thomas:100:Marketing
adison Randy:300:Product Development
Alex Jason:200:Sales
Sanjay Gupta:400:Support

$ sort -t . -k 1,1n -k 2,2n -k 3,3n -k 4,4n /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.100.101 dev-db.thegeekstuff.com dev-db
192.168.100.102 prod-db.thegeekstuff.com prod-db
192.168.101.20 dev-web.thegeekstuff.com dev-web
192.168.101.21 prod-web.thegeekstuff.com prod-web

ps –ef | sort : Sort the output of process list
ls -al | sort +4n : List the files in the ascending order of the file-size. i.e sorted by 5th filed and displaying smallest files first.
ls -al | sort +4nr : List the files in the descending order of the file-size. i.e sorted by 5th filed and displaying largest files first.

 
# find /etc -name "*.conf" | xargs ls –l

 
# cat url-list.txt | xargs wget –c

 
# find / -name *.jpg -type f -print | xargs tar -cvzf images.tar.gz

 
# ls *.jpg | xargs -n1 -i cp {} /external-hard-drive/directory

$ cat employee.txt
100 Jason Smith
200 John Doe
300 Sanjay Gupta
400 Ashok Sharma
$ tr a-z A-Z < employee.txt
100 JASON SMITH
200 JOHN DOE
300 SANJAY GUPTA
400 ASHOK SHARMA

$ cat department.txt
100 FINANCE
200 MARKETING
300 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
400 SALES
$ tr A-Z a-z < department.txt
100 finance
200 marketing
300 product development
400 sales

$ cat employee.txt
100 Jason Smith
200 John Doe
300 Sanjay Gupta
400 Ashok Sharma
$ cat bonus.txt
100 $5,000
200 $500
300 $3,000
400 $1,250
$ join employee.txt bonus.txt
100 Jason Smith $5,000
200 John Doe $500
300 Sanjay Gupta $3,000
400 Ashok Sharma $1,250

# find /etc -name "*mail*"

# find / -type f -size +100M

# find . -mtime +60

# find . –mtime -2

# find / -type f -name *.tar.gz -size +100M -exec ls -l {} \;
# find / -type f -name *.tar.gz -size +100M -exec rm -f {} \;

# find /home/jsmith -type f -mtime +60 | xargs tar -cvf /tmp/`date '+%d%m%Y'_archive.tar`

# grep John /etc/passwd
jsmith:x:1082:1082:John Smith:/home/jsmith:/bin/bash
jdoe:x:1083:1083:John Doe:/home/jdoe:/bin/bash

# grep -v John /etc/passwd
jbourne:x:1084:1084:Jason Bourne:/home/jbourne:/bin/bash

# grep -c John /etc/passwd
2

# grep -cv John /etc/passwd
39

# grep -i john /etc/passwd
jsmith:x:1082:1082:John Smith:/home/jsmith:/bin/bash
jdoe:x:1083:1083:John Doe:/home/jdoe:/bin/bash

# grep -ri john /home/users /home/users/subdir1/letter.txt:John, Thanks for your contribution.
/home/users/name_list.txt:John Smith
/home/users/name_list.txt:John Doe
# grep -ril john /root /home/users/subdir1/letter.txt
/home/users/name_list.txt

 # grep default: /etc/inittab
 id:3:initdefault:

 # init 5                       # 进入运行级别 5

 # chkconfig --list             # 列出所有 init 脚本
 # chkconfig --list sshd        # 查看 sshd 在各个运行级别中的启动配置
 # chkconfig sshd --level 35 on # 对 sshd 在级别 3 和 5 下创建启动项
 # chkconfig sshd off           # 在所有的运行级别下禁用 sshd

 # update-rc.d  sshd defaults          # 设置 sshd 为默认启动级别
 # update-rc.d  sshd start 20 2 3 4 5 . stop 20 0 1 6 . # 用显示参数
 # update-rc.d  -f sshd remove         # 在所有的运行级别下禁用 sshd
 # shutdown -h  now (或者 # poweroff)    # 关闭停止系统

 # /etc/rc.d/sshd status
 sshd is running as pid 552.
 # shutdown now                        # 进入单用户模式
 # exit                                # 返回到多用户模式
 # shutdown -p now                     # 关闭停止系统
 # shutdown -r now                     # 重新启动系统

localhost$ ssh -l jsmith remotehost.example.com
Host key not found from database.
Key fingerprint:
xabie-dezbc-manud-bartd-satsy-limit-nexiu-jambl-title-jarde-tuxum
You can get a public key’s fingerprint by running
% ssh-keygen -F publickey.pub
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Yes
Host key saved to /home/jsmith/.ssh2/hostkeys/key_22_remotehost.example.com.pub
host key for remotehost.example.com, accepted by jsmith Mon May 26 2008 16:06:50 -0700
jsmith@remotehost.example.com password:
remotehost.example.com$

localhost$ ssh -l jsmith remotehost.example.com
jsmith@remotehost.example.com password:
remotehost.example.com$

localhost$ ssh -l jsmith remotehost.example.com
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@ WARNING: HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that the host key has just been changed.
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key to “/home/jsmith/.ssh2/hostkeys/key_22_remotehost.example.com.pub”
to get rid of this message.
Received server key’s fingerprint:
xabie-dezbc-manud-bartd-satsy-limit-nexiu-jambl-title-arde-tuxum
You can get a public key’s fingerprint by running
% ssh-keygen -F publickey.pub
on the keyfile.
Agent forwarding is disabled to avoid attacks by corrupted servers.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Do you want to change the host key on disk (yes/no)? yes
Agent forwarding re-enabled.
Host key saved to /home/jsmith/.ssh2/hostkeys/key_22_remotehost.example.com.pub
host key for remotehost.example.com, accepted by jsmith Mon May 26 2008 16:17:31 -0700
jsmith @remotehost.example.com’s password:
remotehost$